面向对象设计
- 继承 - 是基于Python中的属性查找(如X.name)
- 多态 - 在X.method方法中,method的意义取决于X的类型
- 封装 - 方法和运算符实现行为,数据隐藏默认是一种惯例
参考实例
腾讯即时通信模块,初级封装
#! /usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf-8
import random
import time
class Message(object):
def __init__(self, msgarr=[], toacc=''):
self.msgbody = msgarr # 此处为MsgDict对象实例的列表或者空列表
self.toacc = toacc # toacc为字符串(单发)或者列表(批量发)
self.msgrandom = random.randint(1, 1000000000)
self.msgrequest = {
'To_Account': toacc, # 消息接收方账号
'MsgRandom': self.msgrandom, # 消息随机数,由随机函数产生
'MsgBody': [t.msg for t in msgarr]
}
def del_option(self, option):
if option in (set(self.msgrequest)-set(['To_Account', 'MsgRandom', 'MsgBody'])):
self.__dict__.pop(option)
self.msgrequest.pop(option)
def append_msg(self, msg):
self.msgbody.append(msg)
self.msgrequest['MsgBody'].append(msg.msg)
def insert_msg(self, index, msg):
self.msgbody.insert(index, msg)
self.msgrequest['MsgBody'].insert(msg.msg)
def del_msg(self, index):
if index in range(len(self.msgbody)):
del self.msgbody[index]
del sel.msgrequest['MsgBody'][index]
def set_from(self, fromacc):
# 指定消息的发送方,默认为服务器发送
self.fromacc = fromacc
self.msgrequest['From_Account'] = fromacc
def set_to(self, toacc):
# 指定消息的接收方,可以为String(单发),可以为List(批量发送)
self.toacc = toacc
self.msgrequest['To_Account'] = toacc
def refresh_random(self):
self.msgrandom = random.randint(1, 1000000000)
self.msgrequest['MsgRandom'] = self.msgrandom, # 消息随机数,由随机函数产生
def set_sync(self, sync):
# 同步选项:1, 把消息同步到From_Account在线终端和漫游上
# 2, 消息不同步至From_Account
# 若不填写,默认情况下会将消息同步
# 仅在单发单聊消息中可调用
self.sync = sync
self.msgrequest['SyncOtherMachine'] = sync
def set_timestamp(self):
# 设置消息时间戳,unix时间, 仅在单发单聊消息中可以调用
self.timestamp = int(time.time())
self.msgrequest['MsgTimeStamp'] = self.timestamp
def set_offlinepush(self, pushflag=0, desc='', ext='', sound=''):
# 仅适用于APNa推送,不适用于安卓厂商推送
self.msgrequest['OfflinePushInfo'] = {
'PushFlag': pushflag,
'Desc': desc,
'Ext': ext,
'Sound': sound
}
class MsgDict(object):
def __init__(self, msgtype='', msgcontent={}):
self.msgtype = msgtype
self.msgcontent = msgcontent
@property
def msg(self):
return {
'MsgType': self.msgtype,
'MsgContent': self.msgcontent
}
def set_content(self, content):
self.msgcontent = content
class TextMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, text='', msgtype='TIMTextElem'):
self.text = text
content = {'Text': text}
super(TextMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_text(self, text):
self.text = text
self.msgcontent['Text'] = text
class LocationMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, desc='', latitude=0, longitude=0, msgtype='TIMLocationElem'):
self.desc = desc
self.latitude = latitude
self.longitude = longitude
content = {
'Desc': desc, # 地理位置描述信息, String
'Latitude': latitude, # 纬度, Number
'Longitude': longitude # 经度, Number
}
super(LocationMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_desc(self, desc):
self.desc = desc
self.msgcontent['Desc'] = desc
def set_location(self, latitude, longitude):
self.latitude = latitude
self.longitude = longitude
self.msgcontent['Latitude'] = latitude
self.msgcontent['Longitude'] = longitude
def set_latitude(self, latitude):
self.latitude = latitude
self.msgcontent['Latitude'] = latitude
def set_longitude(self, longitude):
self.longitude = longitude
self.msgcontent['Longitude'] = longitude
class FaceMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, index=1, data='', msgtype='TIMFaceElem'):
self.index = index
self.data = data
content = {
'Index': index, # 表情索引,用户自定义, Number
'Data': data # 额外数据, String
}
super(TextMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_index(self, index):
self.index = index
self.msgcontent['Index'] = index
def set_data(self, data):
self.data = data
self.msgcontent['Data'] = data
class CustomMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, data='', desc='', ext='', sound='', msgtype='TIMCustomElem'):
self.data = data
self.desc = desc
self.ext = ext
self.sound = sound
content = {
'Data': data, # 自定义消息数据。不作为APNS的payload中字段下发,故从payload中无法获取Data字段, String
'Desc': desc, # 自定义消息描述,当接收方为iphone后台在线时,做ios离线Push时文本展示
'Ext': ext, # 扩展字段,当接收方为ios系统且应用处在后台时,此字段作为APNS请求包Payloads中的ext键值下发,Ext的协议格式由业务方确定,APNS只做透传
'Sound': sound # 自定义APNS推送铃声
}
super(CustomMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_data(self, data):
self.data = data
self.msgcontent['Data'] = data
def set_desc(self, desc):
self.desc = desc
self.msgcontent['Desc'] = desc
def set_ext(self, ext):
self.ext = ext
self.msgcontent['Ext'] = ext
def set_sound(self, sound):
self.sound = sound
self.msgcontent['Sound'] = sound
class SoundMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, uuid='', size=0, second=0, msgtype='TIMSoundElem'):
self.uuid = uuid
self.size = size
self.second = second
content = {
'UUID': uuid, # 语音序列号,后台用于索引语音的键值,String
'Size': size, # 语音数据大小, Number
'Second': second # 语音时长,单位秒 Number
}
super(SoundMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_uuid(self, uuid):
self.uuid = uuid
self.msgcontent['UUID'] = uuid
def set_size(self, size):
self.size = size
self.msgcontent['Size'] = size
def set_second(self, second):
self.second = second
self.msgcontent['Second'] = second
class ImageMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, uuid='', imgformat=0, imginfo=[], msgtype='TIMImageElem'):
self.uuid = uuid
self.imgformat = imgformat
self.imginfo = imginfo
content = {
'UUID': uuid, # 图片序列号,后台用于索引语音的键值,String
'ImageFormat': imgformat, # 图片格式, BMP=1, JPG=2, GIF=3, 其他=0, Number
'ImageInfoArray': [t.info for t in imginfo] # 原图,缩略图或者大图下载信息, Array
}
super(ImageMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_uuid(self, uuid):
self.uuid = uuid
self.msgcontent['UUID'] = uuid
def set_format(self, imgformat):
self.imgformat = imgformat
self.msgcontent['ImageFormat'] = imgformat
def append_info(self, info):
# info 为ImageInfo对象实例
self.imginfo.append(info)
self.msgcontnet['ImageInfoArray'].append(info.info)
def insert_info(self, index, info):
self.imginfo.insert(index, info)
self.msgcontent['ImageInfoArray'].insert(index, info.info)
def del_info(self, index):
del self.imginfo[index]
del self.msgcontent['ImageInfoArray'][index]
class FileMsg(MsgDict):
def __init__(self, uuid='', size=0, name='', msgtype='TIMFileElem'):
self.uuid = uuid
self.size = size
self.name = name
content = {
'UUID': uuid, # 文件序列号,后台用于索引语音的键值,String
'FileSize': size, # 文件数据大小, Number
'FileName': name # 文件名称/路径, String
}
super(FileMsg, self).__init__(msgtype=msgtype, msgcontent=content)
def set_uuid(self, uuid):
self.uuid = uuid
self.msgcontent['UUID'] = UUID
def set_size(self, size):
self.size = size
self.msgcontent['FileSize'] = size
def set_name(self, name):
self.name = name
self.msgcontent['FileName'] = name
class ImageInfo(object):
def __init__(self, itype=1, size=0, width=0, height=0, url=''):
#图片类型, 1-原图, 2-大图, 3-缩略图, 0-其他
self.itype = itype
# 图片数据大小,Number
self.size = size
# 图片宽度,Number
self.width = width
# 图片高度, Number
self.height = height
# 图片下载地址,String
self.url = url
@property
def info(self):
return {
'Type': self.itype,
'Size': self.size,
'Width': self.width,
'Height': self.height,
'URL': self.url
}
def set_type(self, itype):
self.itype = itype
def set_size(self, size):
self.size = size
def set_width(self, width):
self.width = width
def set_height(self, height):
self.height = height
def set_url(self, url):
self.url = url
微信开发包,python实现, wechat_sdk开发
http://wechat-python-sdk.com/
截取部分代码,学习类的设计
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import time
from wechat_sdk.lib.crypto import BasicCrypto
from wechat_sdk.lib.request import WechatRequest
from wechat_sdk.exceptions import NeedParamError
from wechat_sdk.utils import disable_urllib3_warning
class WechatConf(object):
""" WechatConf 配置类
该类将会存储所有和微信开发相关的配置信息, 同时也会维护配置信息的有效性.
"""
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
:param kwargs: 配置信息字典, 可用字典 key 值及对应解释如下:
'token': 微信 Token
'appid': App ID
'appsecret': App Secret
'encrypt_mode': 加解密模式 ('normal': 明文模式, 'compatible': 兼容模式, 'safe': 安全模式(默认))
'encoding_aes_key': EncodingAESKey 值 (传入此值必须保证同时传入 token, appid, 否则抛出异常)
'access_token_getfunc': access token 获取函数 (用于单机及分布式环境下, 具体格式参见文档)
'access_token_setfunc': access token 写入函数 (用于单机及分布式环境下, 具体格式参见文档)
'access_token_refreshfunc': access token 刷新函数 (用于单机及分布式环境下, 具体格式参见文档)
'access_token': 直接导入的 access token 值, 该值需要在上一次该类实例化之后手动进行缓存并在此处传入, 如果不
传入, 将会在需要时自动重新获取 (传入 access_token_getfunc 和 access_token_setfunc 函数
后将会自动忽略此处的传入值)
'access_token_expires_at': 直接导入的 access token 的过期日期, 该值需要在上一次该类实例化之后手动进行缓存
并在此处传入, 如果不传入, 将会在需要时自动重新获取 (传入 access_token_getfunc
和 access_token_setfunc 函数后将会自动忽略此处的传入值)
'jsapi_ticket_getfunc': jsapi ticket 获取函数 (用于单机及分布式环境下, 具体格式参见文档)
'jsapi_ticket_setfunc': jsapi ticket 写入函数 (用于单机及分布式环境下, 具体格式参见文档)
'jsapi_ticket_refreshfunc': jsapi ticket 刷新函数 (用于单机及分布式环境下, 具体格式参见文档)
'jsapi_ticket': 直接导入的 jsapi ticket 值, 该值需要在上一次该类实例化之后手动进行缓存并在此处传入, 如果不
传入, 将会在需要时自动重新获取 (传入 jsapi_ticket_getfunc 和 jsapi_ticket_setfunc 函数
后将会自动忽略此处的传入值)
'jsapi_ticket_expires_at': 直接导入的 jsapi ticket 的过期日期, 该值需要在上一次该类实例化之后手动进行缓存
并在此处传入, 如果不传入, 将会在需要时自动重新获取 (传入 jsapi_ticket_getfunc
和 jsapi_ticket_setfunc 函数后将会自动忽略此处的传入值)
'partnerid': 财付通商户身份标识, 支付权限专用
'partnerkey': 财付通商户权限密钥 Key, 支付权限专用
'paysignkey': 商户签名密钥 Key, 支付权限专用
'checkssl': 是否检查 SSL, 默认不检查 (False), 可避免 urllib3 的 InsecurePlatformWarning 警告
:return:
"""
self.__request = WechatRequest()
if kwargs.get('checkssl') is not True:
disable_urllib3_warning() # 可解决 InsecurePlatformWarning 警告
self.__token = kwargs.get('token')
self.__appid = kwargs.get('appid')
self.__appsecret = kwargs.get('appsecret')
self.__encrypt_mode = kwargs.get('encrypt_mode', 'safe')
self.__encoding_aes_key = kwargs.get('encoding_aes_key')
self.__crypto = None
self._update_crypto()
self.__access_token_getfunc = kwargs.get('access_token_getfunc')
self.__access_token_setfunc = kwargs.get('access_token_setfunc')
self.__access_token_refreshfunc = kwargs.get('access_token_refreshfunc')
self.__access_token = kwargs.get('access_token')
self.__access_token_expires_at = kwargs.get('access_token_expires_at')
self.__jsapi_ticket_getfunc = kwargs.get('jsapi_ticket_getfunc')
self.__jsapi_ticket_setfunc = kwargs.get('jsapi_ticket_setfunc')
self.__jsapi_ticket_refreshfunc = kwargs.get('jsapi_ticket_refreshfunc')
self.__jsapi_ticket = kwargs.get('jsapi_ticket')
self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at = kwargs.get('jsapi_ticket_expires_at')
self.__partnerid = kwargs.get('partnerid')
self.__partnerkey = kwargs.get('partnerkey')
self.__paysignkey = kwargs.get('paysignkey')
@property
def token(self):
""" 获取当前 Token """
self._check_token()
return self.__token
@token.setter
def token(self, token):
""" 设置当前 Token """
self.__token = token
self._update_crypto() # 改动 Token 需要重新更新 Crypto
@property
def appid(self):
""" 获取当前 App ID """
return self.__appid
@property
def appsecret(self):
""" 获取当前 App Secret """
return self.__appsecret
def set_appid_appsecret(self, appid, appsecret):
""" 设置当前 App ID 及 App Secret"""
self.__appid = appid
self.__appsecret = appsecret
self._update_crypto() # 改动 App ID 后需要重新更新 Crypto
@property
def encoding_aes_key(self):
""" 获取当前 EncodingAESKey """
return self.__encoding_aes_key
@encoding_aes_key.setter
def encoding_aes_key(self, encoding_aes_key):
""" 设置当前 EncodingAESKey """
self.__encoding_aes_key = encoding_aes_key
self._update_crypto() # 改动 EncodingAESKey 需要重新更新 Crypto
@property
def encrypt_mode(self):
return self.__encrypt_mode
@encrypt_mode.setter
def encrypt_mode(self, encrypt_mode):
""" 设置当前加密模式 """
self.__encrypt_mode = encrypt_mode
self._update_crypto()
@property
def crypto(self):
""" 获取当前 Crypto 实例 """
return self.__crypto
@property
def access_token(self):
""" 获取当前 access token 值, 本方法会自行维护 access token 有效性 """
self._check_appid_appsecret()
if callable(self.__access_token_getfunc):
self.__access_token, self.__access_token_expires_at = self.__access_token_getfunc()
if self.__access_token:
now = time.time()
if self.__access_token_expires_at - now > 60:
return self.__access_token
self.grant_access_token() # 从腾讯服务器获取 access token 并更新
return self.__access_token
@property
def jsapi_ticket(self):
""" 获取当前 jsapi ticket 值, 本方法会自行维护 jsapi ticket 有效性 """
self._check_appid_appsecret()
if callable(self.__jsapi_ticket_getfunc):
self.__jsapi_ticket, self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at = self.__jsapi_ticket_getfunc()
if self.__jsapi_ticket:
now = time.time()
if self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at - now > 60:
return self.__jsapi_ticket
self.grant_jsapi_ticket() # 从腾讯服务器获取 jsapi ticket 并更新
return self.__jsapi_ticket
@property
def partnerid(self):
""" 获取当前财付通商户身份标识 """
return self.__partnerid
@property
def partnerkey(self):
""" 获取当前财付通商户权限密钥 Key """
return self.__partnerkey
@property
def paysignkey(self):
""" 获取商户签名密钥 Key """
return self.__paysignkey
def grant_access_token(self):
"""
获取 access token 并更新当前配置
:return: 返回的 JSON 数据包 (传入 access_token_refreshfunc 参数后返回 None)
"""
self._check_appid_appsecret()
if callable(self.__access_token_refreshfunc):
self.__access_token, self.__access_token_expires_at = self.__access_token_refreshfunc()
return
response_json = self.__request.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
params={
"grant_type": "client_credential",
"appid": self.__appid,
"secret": self.__appsecret,
},
access_token=self.__access_token
)
self.__access_token = response_json['access_token']
self.__access_token_expires_at = int(time.time()) + response_json['expires_in']
if callable(self.__access_token_setfunc):
self.__access_token_setfunc(self.__access_token, self.__access_token_expires_at)
return response_json
def grant_jsapi_ticket(self):
"""
获取 jsapi ticket 并更新当前配置
:return: 返回的 JSON 数据包 (传入 jsapi_ticket_refreshfunc 参数后返回 None)
"""
self._check_appid_appsecret()
if callable(self.__jsapi_ticket_refreshfunc):
self.__jsapi_ticket, self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at = self.__jsapi_ticket_refreshfunc()
return
response_json = self.__request.get(
url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket",
params={
"type": "jsapi",
},
access_token=self.access_token,
)
self.__jsapi_ticket = response_json['ticket']
self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at = int(time.time()) + response_json['expires_in']
if callable(self.__jsapi_ticket_setfunc):
self.__jsapi_ticket_setfunc(self.__jsapi_ticket, self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at)
return response_json
def get_access_token(self):
"""
获取 Access Token 及 Access Token 过期日期, 仅供缓存使用, 如果希望得到原生的 Access Token 请求数据请使用 :func:`grant_token`
**仅为兼容 v0.6.0 以前版本使用, 自行维护 access_token 请使用 access_token_setfunc 和 access_token_getfunc 进行操作**
:return: dict 对象, key 包括 `access_token` 及 `access_token_expires_at`
"""
self._check_appid_appsecret()
return {
'access_token': self.access_token,
'access_token_expires_at': self.__access_token_expires_at,
}
def get_jsapi_ticket(self):
"""
获取 Jsapi Ticket 及 Jsapi Ticket 过期日期, 仅供缓存使用, 如果希望得到原生的 Jsapi Ticket 请求数据请使用 :func:`grant_jsapi_ticket`
**仅为兼容 v0.6.0 以前版本使用, 自行维护 jsapi_ticket 请使用 jsapi_ticket_setfunc 和 jsapi_ticket_getfunc 进行操作**
:return: dict 对象, key 包括 `jsapi_ticket` 及 `jsapi_ticket_expires_at`
"""
self._check_appid_appsecret()
return {
'jsapi_ticket': self.jsapi_ticket,
'jsapi_ticket_expires_at': self.__jsapi_ticket_expires_at,
}
def _check_token(self):
"""
检查 Token 是否存在
:raises NeedParamError: Token 参数没有在初始化的时候提供
"""
if not self.__token:
raise NeedParamError('Please provide Token parameter in the construction of class.')
def _check_appid_appsecret(self):
"""
检查 AppID 和 AppSecret 是否存在
:raises NeedParamError: AppID 或 AppSecret 参数没有在初始化的时候完整提供
"""
if not self.__appid or not self.__appsecret:
raise NeedParamError('Please provide app_id and app_secret parameters in the construction of class.')
def _update_crypto(self):
"""
根据当前配置内容更新 Crypto 类
"""
if self.__encrypt_mode in ['compatible', 'safe'] and self.__encoding_aes_key is not None:
if self.__token is None or self.__appid is None:
raise NeedParamError('Please provide token and appid parameters in the construction of class.')
self.__crypto = BasicCrypto(self.__token, self.__encoding_aes_key, self.__appid)
else:
self.__crypto = None
思维锻炼
- 设计讲师和学生类,讲师有上课,备课等方法,学生有听课,做练习等方法,均有姓名、性别、年龄等基本属性
- 设计聊天Message类